During the twentieth century the earth warmed by about 0.6°C, primarily due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Consequent to this were changes to the characteristics of climatic patterns all over the earth that can be linked definitely or suggestively to changes in ecosystems, production systems and human activities. The prognosis is one of further climate change through this century with impacts on all societal sectors as humans and natural ecosystems adjust to the changes or the consequences of global efforts to mitigate excessive climate change. Climate change poses threats to economic sectors and enterprises relying on the status quo and thus resistant to change, and opportunities to those constantly assessing risk and engaging in strategies to maintain adaptability and thus resilience.
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